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在稳定电流中,对于部分电路欧姆定律U=IR和闭合电路欧姆定律U=-Ir,我们可用U-I的图象来反映它们的变化规律,它们分别如图1(a)、(b)所示。这两个图象均为直线,为叙述方便,我们把它们分别称为“电阻线”与“电源线”。电阻线对应的电阻R=tgα,电源线对应的电源内阻r=tgβ,在解决恒定电流的某些问题时,巧妙地应用电阻线、电源线进行分析,不仅可避免运用数学方法列式进行复杂运算,而且可以取得直观形象,一目了然的效果。它有利于拓宽学生分析问题的思路,提高学生解决物理问题的能力。下面从两个方面举例说明,供读者参考。
In the steady current, for partial circuit Ohm’s law U=IR and closed circuit Ohm’s law U=-Ir, we can use the UI’s image to reflect their changing laws. They are shown in Figure 1(a), (b) respectively. . These two images are straight lines. For convenience of description, we call them “resistance lines” and “power lines.” Resistance corresponding to the resistance line R = tgα, the power supply line corresponding to the internal resistance r = tgβ, in solving certain problems of constant current, the clever application of resistance line, power line analysis, not only to avoid the use of mathematical methods column Complicated calculations and intuitive images can be achieved at a glance. It is helpful to broaden students’ thinking of analyzing problems and improve their ability to solve physical problems. The following is an illustration from two aspects for the reader’s reference.