智能是指一个人理解和处理周围世界事物的全面能力。智能活动是由感知、记忆、思维、动作等多种因素构成的,是与神经细胞的健全及其活动功能分不开的。一个人的神经精神发育应该从初级向高级发展,但由于先天或后天原因,各人在观察、想象、思考及判断能力方面差异很大,自然就存在智能超常及低下现象。有关这方面的研究,涉及到医学、遗传学、心理学、教育学及神经精神学等多学科的共同努力。 Intelligence refers to a person’s overall ability to understand and handle things in the world around them. Intelligent activity is composed of many factors such as perception, memory, thinking and action, which are inseparable from the function of nerve cells and their activities. A person’s neuropsychiatric development should begin from the beginning to the advanced level, but due to innate or acquired causes, each has great differences in observation, imagination, thinking and judgment ability. Naturally, there exist abnormalities in intelligence and depression. Research in this area involves the joint efforts of many disciplines such as medicine, genetics, psychology, pedagogy and neuro-psychology.