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葛兰西哲学具有鲜明的民族特性和个性特征。考察葛兰西的哲学创新之路,我们有必要对其哲学的语言学起源问题加以详查。从大学时代起,葛兰西就在语言和文学导师的影响下对语言学研究产生持续的兴趣,即使在投身革命后被捕入狱,也没有放弃这一研究。在《狱中札记》里,葛兰西批判了曼佐尼和克罗齐的语言观,分析了克罗齐未能解决的语法问题,揭示了世界语蕴含的世界观和意识形态问题,形成了对领导权的政治隐喻。通过对语言的关注,葛兰西与索绪尔、维特根斯坦产生了联系,但是,葛兰西的语言研究路径与索绪尔、维特根斯坦有着显著的区别,他通过语言学开辟的是一条马克思主义的文化哲学研究道路。
Gramsci’s philosophy has distinct national characteristics and individual characteristics. To examine Gramsci’s path of philosophical innovation, we need to examine the origin of philosophical linguistics in detail. From his days as a university student, Gramsci had a continuing interest in linguistic research under the influence of language and literature mentors and did not abandon the study even after being put into jail for a revolution. Gramsci criticized Manzoni and Croce’s linguistic viewpoints in The Prison Notes, analyzed the grammar problems that Croce could not solve, revealed the Esperanto world view and ideological issues, Political metaphor of leadership. Gramsci’s connection with Saussure and Wittgenstein through linguistic concerns, but Gramsci’s approach to linguistic research differs significantly from Saussure’s and Wittgenstein’s A Marxist path of cultural philosophy research.