目的　探讨食管癌血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)和增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)基因蛋白表达与放射治疗疗效的关系。方法　应用免疫组织化学技术检测 59例食管癌放射治疗前食管镜活检组织VEGF和PCNA基因蛋白表达 ,分析其表达与食管癌放射治疗前临床病理资料及放射治疗预后的相关关系。结果　初步研究结果显示食管癌VEGF与PCNA表达与性别、分期及癌组织分化程度等临床因素无显著相关关系 ;总体生存率多因素分析显示VEGF表达水平具有独立的预后价值 ,未显示VEGF表达与食管癌放射治疗后局部控制率相关 ;PCNA表达与食管癌放射治疗后局部控制率和总体生存率无显著相关。VEGF与PCNA表达呈显著正相关性。结论　VEGF蛋白表达可反映肿瘤细胞的增殖状况 ,且与食管癌放射治疗后总体生存率相关 ,值得深入研究。虽然PCNA表达与食管癌放射治疗后局部控制率和总体生存率无显著相关 ,但由于病例数较少 ,须扩大样本量进一步研究 Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein in esophageal cancer and the efficacy of radiation therapy. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of VEGF and PCNA protein in 59 cases of esophageal cancer before radiotherapy. The correlation between the expression of VEGF and PCNA gene and the clinicopathological data and prognosis of radiotherapy for esophageal cancer before radiotherapy were analyzed. Results Preliminary results showed no significant correlation between the expression of VEGF and PCNA in esophageal cancer and clinical factors such as gender, stage and degree of differentiation of cancer tissues. Multivariate analysis of overall survival rate showed that VEGF expression level had independent prognostic value. There was no significant correlation between the local control rate and the overall survival rate after radiation therapy of esophageal cancer. There was a significant positive correlation between VEGF and PCNA expression. Conclusion The expression of VEGF protein can reflect the proliferation of tumor cells and is related to the overall survival rate of esophageal cancer after radiotherapy. It is worth further study. Although there was no significant correlation between PCNA expression and local control rate and overall survival rate after radiotherapy for esophageal cancer, the sample size should be expanded for further study due to the small number of cases