在目前,設計基础梁时,都不考虑溫度改变的影响,理由是“基础梁深埋在地下,溫度几乎保持不变”。我們认为,对一般的工业与民用建筑物說来,这个理由是充分的,但是,对某些水工建筑物說来,这个理由却不成立。例如,以一般的水閘或船塢說来,虽然底板的底面是深埋在地下,但它的顶面却直接和大气或水以至冰雪接触,温度有很大幅度的变化。正因为它的底面几乎保持常溫,所以当它的頂面温度改变时,两面的温度差将引起它的弯曲,又由于受到地基的約束,此項弯曲不能自由发生,因而产生溫度应力,不应该不加以考虑。如果說,在工业与民用建筑中, At present, when designing the foundation beam, the influence of temperature change is not considered. The reason is that “the foundation beam is buried in the ground and the temperature is almost constant”. We believe that this reason is sufficient for ordinary industrial and civil buildings. However, for some hydraulic structures, this reason is not valid. For example, in a general sluice or dock, although the floor of the floor is buried deep underground, its top surface is in direct contact with the atmosphere or water and even ice and snow, and the temperature changes greatly. Because its bottom surface is almost at room temperature, when the temperature of its top surface changes, the temperature difference between the two surfaces will cause it to bend, and because of the constraint of the foundation, this bending cannot occur freely, so the temperature stress is generated. Do not consider it. If we say that in industrial and civil buildings,