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Backrround Exosomes are bilayer lipid membranous vesicles with a diameter of 40-100nm.They play an important role in signal transduction among cellular substances.Exosomes miR-206 and miR-122-5 have been found to play a regulatory role in cardiovascular diseases such as chronic heart failure,and therefore have gradually become the focus of various studies.The review has introduced the biological characteristics of the exosomal microRNAs,the association between exosomes miR-122-5p,miR-206 and chronic heart failure,and briefly described the therapeutic prospects of these two exosomal miRNAs in the treatment of chronic heart failure.It may provide some new directions for the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure.