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采用FAO-PM公式,参照毗邻地区的灌溉试验成果和当地群众的灌水经验,结合土壤供水量和不同作物对地下水的利用量,根据渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲区域2005年的作物种植面积,计算该区农作物的总需水量。结果表明:渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲农作物需水量总计8.01×108m3,农作物需水量占河道来水量的28.49%。作物总需水中粮食作物需水量占37.22%,经济作物的占59.35%,饲料作物的占3.43%。粮食作物需水定额较经济作物和饲料作物高,就具体作物而言,水稻、蔬菜、冬小麦、棉花、苜蓿、油菜等需水定额较高,玉米、瓜类和薯类等较低。各县单位面积需水量差异不大,平均值为5 890.35 m3/hm2,库车县最高,为6 035.32 m3/hm2,沙雅县最低5 746.37 m3/hm2。农业需水量与作物结构密切相关。农业用水浪费严重,使渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲农作物实际用水量远高于其需水量的理论计算值。
According to the formula of FAO-PM, referring to the results of irrigation experiment in the adjacent area and irrigation experiences of local people, and combining with the amount of soil water supply and the utilization of groundwater by different crops, according to the crop acreage of 2005 in the oasis area of Weigan-Ku- , Calculate the total crop water demand in the area. The results showed that the total demand of crops in Weigan-Kuqa River delta oasis was 8.01 × 108m3, and the crop water demand accounted for 28.49% of the river water. 37.22% of the total crop water demand for food crops, cash crops accounted for 59.35%, feed crops accounted for 3.43%. The demand for water for food crops is higher than that for cash crops and feed crops. In terms of specific crops, rice, vegetables, winter wheat, cotton, alfalfa and rapeseed have higher water quotas and lower corn, melons and potatoes. The water demand per unit area of the counties was not significantly different with an average of 5890.35 m3 / hm2, the highest in Kuche County was 6 035.32 m3 / hm2, and the lowest in Shaya was 5 746.37 m3 / hm2. Agricultural water demand is closely related to crop structure. The waste of agricultural water is so serious that the actual water consumption of crops in Weigan-Kuqa River Delta oasis is much higher than the theoretical calculation of water demand.