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目的了解济南市流感流行特征及优势毒株的分布,为防制工作提供科学依据。方法对济南市流感样病例监测资料、病原学监测结果和暴发疫情资料进行描述性分析。结果 2009-2013年济南市4所哨点医院报告流感样病例33 489例,平均就诊百分比为1.34%(0.93%~2.58%),以2009年最高(2.58%)。0~4岁组流感样病例占报告总数的60.00%,5~14岁组占17.93%。病例流感病毒核酸检测阳性率为22.55%,以新甲型H1N1、B型和H3N2居多;2009年阳性率最高为48.54%,其次为2012年34.02%。2009年10-12月和2013年1月病毒型别以新甲型H1N1为主,2009年9-11月以H3N2为主,2010-2012年1-3、12月以B型为主。共报告暴发疫情43起,其中2009年38起;发生地以中学、中职学校(17起)和小学为主(15起)。结论济南市流感样病例就诊百分比较平稳,有春季和冬季2个高峰,病例以小年龄组居多。不同年度流感病毒优势毒株有变化。暴发疫情主要发生在中小学及大中专院校。
Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics and the distribution of the dominant strains of influenza in Ji’nan city and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control. Methods Descriptive analysis of flu-like illness surveillance data, etiological surveillance results and outbreak data in Jinan City was conducted. Results From 2009 to 2013, 4 48 sentinel hospitals in Jinan reported 33 489 flu-like cases, with an average percentage of 1.34% (0.93% ~ 2.58%) in 2009, the highest in 2009 (2.58%). Influenza-like cases of 0 to 4 years old accounted for 60.00% of the total number of reports, 5-year-old group accounted for 17.93%. The positive rate of influenza virus nucleic acid detection was 22.55%, most of which were new type A H1N1, type B and H3N2. The highest positive rate was 48.54% in 2009, followed by 34.02% in 2012. From January to December in 2009 and January in 2013, the virus type is mainly new type A H1N1, H3N2 in September-November 2009, and type B in January-March 2010 and December 2012 respectively. A total of 43 outbreaks were reported, of which 38 occurred in 2009; the occurrences were mainly secondary and secondary vocational schools (17) and primary schools (15). Conclusions The percentage of flu-like cases in Jinan is relatively stable, with two peaks in spring and winter, and the majority of cases are in the younger age group. Influenza virus in different annual dominant strains have changed. Outbreaks occurred mainly in primary and secondary schools and colleges.