1 引言按照标准样品的定义 ,标准样品具有三个方面的功能 :核准测量仪器、评定测量方法、给材料赋值。当然 ,这只是从功能方面分 ,实际上标准样品的应用非常广泛。众所周知 ,测量科学是一门涵盖有关测量理论和实践各个方面的科学学科。它几乎涉及到所有的科学技术领域 ,而且从 1 Introduction According to the definition of a standard sample, a standard sample has three functions: approving the measuring instrument, evaluating the measuring method, and assigning the material. Of course, this is only from the functional point, in fact, the standard sample is widely used. It is well known that measurement science is a science discipline covering all aspects of measurement theory and practice. It covers almost all areas of science and technology, but also from