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[目的] 探讨自主神经功能对高血压患者视网膜血管直径及颈动脉内中膜厚度(CIMT)的影响.[方法] 选取2015年9月至2016年9月本院门诊收治的128例高血压患者作为研究对象,分别应用24 h动态心电图监测心率变异性(HRV),将正常R-R间期标准差(SDNN)>100 ms者分为正常组(n=54),SDNN<100 ms者分为异常组(n=74),比较两组患者血压、视网膜血管直径及CIMT.[结果] 异常组低频(LF)、高频(HF)、SDNN心率变异性(HRV)指标均显著低于正常组,血压变异性(BPV)显著高于正常组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);异常组患者视网膜中央动脉直径(CRAE)、视网膜中央静脉直径(CRVE)以及分形维数(Df)水平均显著低于正常组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);而异常组CIMT水平显著高于正常组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);经logistic回归分析,SDNN是影响BPV、CRAE、Df以及CIMT的独立危险因素(P100 ms were divided to normal group (n=54), and those with SDNN <100 ms were divided to abnormal group(n=74);the blood pressure, retinal vessel diameter and CIMT were compared between the two groups.[Results]Low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), SDNN heart rate variability (HRV) index of the abnormal group were significantly lower than the normal group,the blood pressure variability (BPV) was significantly higher than that of the normal group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);the central retinal artery diameter (CRAE), the central retinal vein diameter (CRVE) and the fractal dimension (Df) of the abnormal group were significantly lower than those of the normal group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);the abnormal group CIMT level was significantly higher than that of the normal group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).By logistic regression analysis, SDNN was an independent risk factor for BPV, CRAE, Df and CIMT(P<0.05).[Conclusion]Autonomic nervous function has significant effects on HRV, retinal vessel diameter and CIMT vascular lesion in patients with hypertension.