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直肠癌发生率在胃肠道肿瘤中仅次于胃癌,结肠癌中60～70%发生于直肠及乙状结肠。在美国直肠及结肠癌居癌死因的第二位,达40～50/10万/年。Symonds 于1914年第一个描述了用镭治疗直肠癌。当时有些外科学家与放射肿瘤学家共同研讨综合治疗,后因外科技术不断提高,手术危险性降低,且有人认为直肠癌对放射线不敏感,所以手术治疗一直是直肠癌的首选治疗。但直肠癌根治术后至少有一半死于局部复发和远
The incidence of rectal cancer is second only to gastric cancer in gastrointestinal cancers, and 60 to 70% of colon cancers occur in the rectum and sigmoid colon. In the United States, the second leading cause of cancer of the rectum and colon cancer is 40 to 50 per 100,000. Symonds first described the treatment of rectal cancer with radium in 1914. At the time, some foreign scientists and radiation oncologists were discussing comprehensive treatment together. Since surgical techniques have been continuously improved and the risk of surgery has been reduced, some people believe that rectal cancer is insensitive to radiation. Therefore, surgical treatment has always been the first choice for treatment of rectal cancer. However, at least half of the patients after rectal cancer have died of local recurrence and distant