寄生性甲藻,例如Amyloodiniumocellatum,给鱼类养殖带来严重的危害。虽然,近年来针对Amyloodinium的药物治疗有一些新的进展,如使用氯喹、过氧化氢和3,N泛影葡胺拉沙洛西等,然而,含铜类药物仍然是最有效的。近年来分子遗传学和免疫学的进展,使得我们能够更好地了解寄生性甲藻的流行病学及其防治方法。分子系统学研究认为某些寄生性甲藻,如Amyloodiniumocellatum,可以聚类为高度同源性的一支;而其它的如Piscinoodiniumpillulare,则可以认为不止一种或更高的分类阶元。这些分子分析也发展出一些高灵敏的检测技术,可以检测出环境中极少量的寄生性甲藻。通过对Amyloodinium的免疫学研究表明,鱼类能对寄生物的感染产生强烈的高度特异的保护性免疫应答,其中主要是抗体介导的免疫应答。鱼体皮肤和鳃也能表达内源非特异性多肽抗生素(类组蛋白),它们能对Amyloodinium造成致命的破坏。利用这些特异或非特异的免疫防御,将更有助于我们控制这些具有严重危害性的寄生性甲藻 Parasitic dinoflagellates, such as Amyloodiniumocellatum, pose a serious hazard to fish farming. Although there have been some new advances in the drug treatment of Amyloodinium in recent years, such as the use of chloroquine, hydrogen peroxide, and 3, N diazepam rasalazil, etc., however, copper-based drugs remain the most effective. In recent years, advances in molecular genetics and immunology have enabled us to better understand the epidemiology of parasitic dinoflagellates and their methods of prevention and treatment. Molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that some parasitic dinoflagellates, such as Amyloodiniumocellatum, can be clustered into a high degree of homology; others, such as Piscininiiniumplululare, can be considered as more than one or more taxonomic classifications. These molecular analyzes have also developed highly sensitive detection techniques that can detect very small amounts of parasitic dinoflagellates in the environment. Immunological studies of Amyloodinium show that fish can produce a highly specific and protective immune response to parasitic infections, mainly antibody-mediated immune responses. Fish skin and gills also express endogenous non-specific peptide antibiotics (histones), which can cause lethal damage to Amyloodinium. Utilizing these specific or non-specific immune defenses will help us to control these more virulent parasitic dinoflagellates