The current model of economic growth generated unprecedented increases in human wealth and prosperity during the 19th and 20th centuries.The main mechanisms have been the rapid pace of technological and social innovation,human capital accumulation,and the conversion of resources and natural capital into more valuable forms of produced capital.However,there is evidence emerging that this model may be approaching environmental limits and planetary boundaries,and that the conversion of natural capital needs to slow down rapidly and then be reversed.Some commentators have asserted that in order for this to occur,we will need to stop growing altogether and,instead,seek prosperity without growth.Others argue that environmental concerns are low-priority luxuries to be contemplated once global growth has properly returned to levels observed prior to the 2008 financial crisis.A third group argues that there is no trade-off,and,instead,promotes green growth:the(politically appealing) idea is that we can simultaneously grow and address our environmental problems.This paper provides a critical perspective on this debate and suggests that a substantial research agenda is required to come to grips with these challenges.One place to start is with the relevant metrics:measures of per-capita wealth,and,eventually,quantitative measures of prosperity,alongside a dashboard of other sustainability indicators.A public and political focus on wealth(a stock),and its annual changes,could realistically complement the current focus on market-based gross output as measured by GDP(a flow).This could have important policy implications,but deeper changes to governance and business models will be required. The current model of economic growth generated unprecedented increases in human wealth and prosperity during the 19th and 20th centuries. The main mechanisms have been the pace pace of technological and social innovation, human capital accumulation, and the conversion of resources and natural capital into more valuables. forms of produced capital. However there is evidence emerging that that model may be approaching environmental limits and planetary boundaries, and that the conversion of natural capital needs to slow down rapidly and then ago. Same commentators have asserted that in order for this to occur, we will need to stop growing altogether and, instead, seek prosperity without growth. Orthhers argue that environmental concerns are low-priority luxuries to be has once global growth has properly returned to levels observed prior to the 2008 financial crisis. A third group argues that there is no trade-off, and, instead, promotes green growth: the (politically appealing) idea is tha t we can now grow and address our environmental problems.This paper provides a critical perspective on this debate and suggests that a substantial research agenda is required to come to grips with these challenges.One place to start is with the relevant metrics: measures of per -capita wealth, and, eventually, quantitative measures of prosperity, alongside a dashboard of other sustainability indicators. A public and political focus on wealth (a stock), and its annual changes, could realistically complement the current focus on market-based gross output as measured by GDP (a flow) .This could have important policy implications, but deeper changes to governance and business models will be required.