论文部分内容阅读
一、中国半殖民地半封建社会的形成1.两次鸦片战争,中国社会半殖民地半封建化的开始。英、美等国商人对中国进行大规模鸦片贸易,林则徐受命领导禁烟运动。1840年英国发动蓄谋已久的侵华战争——鸦片战争。由于清政府的腐败,中国在战争中失利。清政府被迫于1842年8月与英国签订丧权辱国的《南京条约》,随后又与美国签订《望厦条约》,与法国签订《黄埔条约》等不平等条约。外国侵略者通过这些不平等条约,不仅迫使清政府割让香港,赔款二千一百万元,而且取得了协定关税,沿海贸易权、开放
I. Formation of China’s Semi-colonial and Semi-feudal Society 1. Two opium wars and the beginning of semi-colonial and semi-feudalization of Chinese society. Lin Ying-Xu was ordered to lead the ban on smoking by businessmen from Britain, the United States and other countries who conducted large-scale opium trade in China. Britain launched the long-planned invasion of China in 1840 - the Opium War. Due to the corruption of the Qing government, China lost its place in the war. The Qing government was forced to sign the Treaty of Nanking with Britain to humiliate and insult the country in August 1842, followed by the signing of the Wangxia Treaty with the United States and the unequal treaties with France such as the Huangpu Treaty. The foreign invaders, through these unequal treaties, not only forced the Qing government to cede Hong Kong with an indemnity of 21 million yuan, but also obtained the agreement on tariffs, coastal trade rights and opening up