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1985年,美国著名森林生态学家、华盛顿大学教授弗朗克林积极倡导新林业学说。许多林业专家认为,新林业是一种新的森林经营哲学,它避免了传统的林业生产和自然保护之间的矛盾,遵循一条合理发展林业的道路。美国农业部林务局将森林划分为林业用地和保护区两类。林业用地以木材生产为中心,而自然保护区的经营则纯粹是以保护基因、物种和生态系统的多样性为目的。美国西北部虽然建立了一些森林自然保护区,但由于它们被森林作业区所包围,其生态保护功能愈来愈弱。新林业的显著特点,就是强调保持并改善林分和景观结构的多样性,其理论框架是由林分和景观两个层次组成的。
In 1985, Franklin, a famous American forest ecologist and professor at Washington University, actively advocated the new forestry theory. Many forestry experts think that new forestry is a new philosophy of forest management. It avoids the contradiction between traditional forestry production and natural conservation, and follows a path of rational development of forestry. The USDA Forest Service divides the forest into two types: forestry land and nature reserve. Forestry land is dominated by timber production, while nature reserves operate purely for the purpose of preserving the diversity of genes, species and ecosystems. Although some NWFRs have been established in the northwestern United States, their ecological protection function is getting weaker due to their being surrounded by forest work areas. The remarkable feature of new forestry is that it emphasizes maintaining and improving the diversity of stand and landscape structure. Its theoretical framework is composed of two levels of stand and landscape.