美国各医院每年药物治疗总费用中抗微生物药物治疗占了20%—30%,虽然其中很大部分是非口服制剂,但是药物施用过程中总费用很少引起注意.有关的费用很多,包括注射器、针头、静脉输液管的消耗,以及医生、护士和药师的劳务费用.当一个病人临床状况稳定时,由注射转为口服治疗.已经作为一种降低成本的方法被提倡. The annual total cost of drug treatment in U.S. hospitals accounts for 20% to 30% of total drug treatment. Although most of them are non-oral preparations, the total cost of drug administration is rarely noticed. The costs involved are many, including syringes, The consumption of needles, intravenous catheters, and the labor costs of doctors, nurses, and pharmacists. When a patient’s clinical status is stable, the conversion from injection to oral treatment has been advocated as a method to reduce costs.