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目的救治饮用甲醇超标假酒引起中毒的42例患者,对急性甲醇中毒的临床救治进行综合分析。方法分析2004年5月11日发生在广州某区多人饮用甲醇超标假酒引起中毒在我院救治的临床资料,患者血中甲醇含量用气相色谱顶空进样法测定;临床诊断标准参照职业卫生标准(GBZ532002)和相关资料,临床诊断分为观察病例、轻度和重度中毒;采取8项措施进行救治。结果假酒中甲醇含量达16%～46%,我院收治的42例患者中男40例、女2例,年龄22～80岁,平均46.1岁,饮用假酒50～2000ml,平均每人588.1ml,血中甲醇含量为0.03～23.60mmolL,平均1.61mmolL,临床诊断为观察病例17例、轻度急性甲醇中毒9例、重度急性甲醇中毒16例。采取8项措施救治后,有35名患者痊愈(83.3%)、2例失明(4.8%)、4例(9.5%)伴有神经精神症状后遗症、死亡1例(2.4%)。结论政府重视、启用广州市突发性公共卫生事件应急预案(修订稿)、指定有综合救治能力的中毒控制中心作为专门救治医院、及早清除已进入体内的甲醇、纠正酸中毒、应用叶酸解毒、合理使用激素、保护视神经与视网膜、综合对症治疗及加强监护,是这次抢救甲醇中毒成功的关键。
Objective To treat 42 patients with alcohol poisoning caused by excessive consumption of alcohol and make a comprehensive analysis of the clinical treatment of acute methanol poisoning. Methods The clinical data of the patients who were poisoned in our hospital on May 11, 2004 when more than one person was drinking alcohol in a certain district of Guangzhou were treated in our hospital. The methanol content of the blood in the patients was determined by gas chromatography headspace sampling. The clinical diagnostic criteria refer to the occupation Health standards (GBZ532002) and related information, clinical diagnosis is divided into observation cases, mild and severe poisoning; to take 8 measures for treatment. Results Fake alcohol in the methanol content of 16% to 46%, 42 cases admitted to our hospital, 40 males and 2 females, aged 22 to 80 years, with an average of 46.1 years old, drinking fake alcohol 50 ~ 2000ml, an average of 588.1 ml, blood methanol content of 0.03 ~ 23.60mmolL, an average of 1.61mmolL, the clinical diagnosis of 17 cases were observed, mild acute methanol poisoning in 9 cases, severe acute methanol poisoning in 16 cases. Thirty-five patients were cured (83.3%), 2 were blind (4.8%), 4 (9.5%) had neuropsychiatric symptoms and 1 died (2.4%) after 8 treatments. Conclusions The government attaches importance to the emergency plan for emergency public health emergencies in Guangzhou (Revised Draft), and designated the poison control center with comprehensive medical treatment capabilities as a special rescue hospital to remove the methanol that has entered the body as early as possible to correct acidosis, Proper use of hormones, the protection of the optic nerve and the retina, comprehensive symptomatic treatment and intensive monitoring, is the key to the success of the rescue of methanol poisoning.