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铁路运输业由于其生产组织的严密性和高度集中统一的指挥调度系统，一直被认为是具有自然垄断经营性质的行业之一。我国铁路运输能力由于长期处于短缺状态，服务质量和市场表现往往不尽如人意，加之铁路行业仍承担着大量的公益运输和普遍服务义务，所以铁路行业的改革备受关注?
Due to the strict organization of its production and the highly centralized command and dispatch system, the railway transport industry has always been considered as one of the industries with the nature of monopolistic operation. Due to the long-term shortage of railway transport capacity in our country, the quality of service and market performance are often unsatisfactory. In addition, the railway industry still undertakes a large number of public transport and universal service obligations. Therefore, the railway industry reform has drawn much attention.