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20世纪90年代早期,经济改革推动了古巴的社会变革,古巴进入了社会变革的新时期。社会变革的一些方面与传统的结构调整相似,而其他方面则与之有所不同。农业方面,国营农场被改造成为各种合作社,进一步细分了合作社的生产力,解放了农产品市场,以及把土地分割给小佃农。通过采访决策者和合作社的领导,并对古巴西部和东部进行调查,可以发现,20世纪90年代的古巴有两个重要特点:一是出现了“新农民化”现象;二是这两个地区的收入差距即使没有扩大,也依旧存在。然而,即使是在最贫穷的地区,小农户的收入还是比雇佣工人的平均收入要高一些,而在其他地区,则是高出许多。总的来说,古巴的经济危机迫使古巴的农业政策朝着巩固小农户地位的方向调整。
In the early 1990s, economic reforms promoted the social change in Cuba and Cuba entered a new period of social change. Some aspects of social change are similar to traditional structural changes, while others are different. In agriculture, state-owned farms were transformed into cooperatives, further subdivided the productivity of cooperatives, liberated the markets for agricultural products, and divided the land into small tenant farmers. By interviewing the leaders of policymakers and cooperatives and conducting surveys on the west and east of Cuba, it can be found that there were two important characteristics of Cuba in the 1990s: the first one was the phenomenon of “new peasantization”; the second was that two The income gap in each region remains, if not widened. However, even in the poorest regions, small-scale farmers earn substantially more than the average income of wage-workers, while in other regions they are much higher. In general, the economic crisis in Cuba has forced Cuba’s agricultural policy to be adjusted in the direction of consolidating the status of smallholder farmers.