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RNA干扰(RNAi)是一种由双链RNA介导的基因沉默现象．目前介导RNAi的方法很多,包括采用非病毒性和病毒性载体介导．最近研究发现,以病毒为载体介导RNAi具有显著的优越性．病毒载体通过表达70 bp左右的发夹结构RNA(shRNA),在Dicer酶的催化作用下,切割成21 bp左右的双链小分子干扰RNA(siRNA),从而有效沉默靶向基因．运用RNAi技术可设计一系列有效的抗癌策略,如沉默癌基因、促进调亡、调控细胞周期、抗血管生成以及提高传统化疗、放疗的疗效等．这一技术开辟了肿瘤基因治疗的新途径．本文就RNAi技术在肿瘤基因治疗中的应用与研究作一评述．
RNA interference (RNAi) is a double-stranded RNA-mediated gene silencing phenomenon. Currently there are many ways to mediate RNAi, including the use of non-viral and viral vector-mediated. Recent studies have found that virus-mediated RNAi has significant advantages. The viral vector effectively silences the target gene by expressing a hairpin RNA (shRNA) of about 70 bp and cutting it into a 21 bp double-stranded small interfering RNA (siRNA) under the action of Dicer enzyme. The use of RNAi technology can design a series of effective anticancer strategies such as silencing oncogenes, promoting apoptosis, regulating cell cycle, anti-angiogenesis and enhancing the efficacy of traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This technology opens up new avenues of gene therapy for cancer. This article reviews the application and research of RNAi in cancer gene therapy.