19世纪后半期,中国和日本两国的历史发展态势形成鲜明对照,双方在东亚国际体系中的地位也因此最终发生逆转,打造出了整个20世纪两国关系的基调。历史虽然已经进入了21世纪,但双方在20世纪的恩恩怨怨使两个民族的内心至今还有一个无法解开的结。当我们思考如何面向未来建立和谐中日关系和美好新世界的时候,同样应思考一下历史以弄清问题的根源,本文就用现代化的概念和分析框架对19世纪后半期的中日两国历史发展做一比较,探讨它们失败和成功的原因。一、中日现代化的起点已故著名历史学家罗荣渠教授认为,从世界范围来看,现代化可分成两个类型,即内源型现代化和外源型现代化,它们分别是早发现代化和后发现代化的特征。包括中国 In the second half of the 19th century, the historical development of China and Japan contrasted sharply. The position of the two sides in the East Asian international system was eventually reversed, creating the tone for the relations between the two countries throughout the 20th century. Although history has entered the 21st century, the grievances of both parties in the 20th century have left the hearts of the two peoples with an unsolvable knot. When we think about how to build a harmonious Sino-Japanese relationship and a beautiful new world for the future, we should also think about history to clarify the root causes of the problem. This paper uses modern concepts and analytical frameworks for the history of China and Japan in the latter half of the 19th century. Develop a comparison and discuss the reasons for their failure and success. I. The starting point of the modernization of China and Japan Professor Luo Rongqu, a famous historian, believes that from a worldwide perspective, modernization can be divided into two types, namely, inward modernization and exogenous modernization. They are early modernization and late development respectively. Modern features. Including China