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活性氧(ROS)指氧的一系列不完全还原的产物,其性质比较活泼。流入肾脏的中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞可以在某些物质的刺激下产生ROS;肾脏本身的系膜细胞、肾小管上皮细胞及肾血管内皮细胞在一定条件下产生ROS;黄嘌呤氧化酶分解次黄嘌呤、嘌呤霉素氨基核甙及阿霉素在肾脏的代谢也可以产生ROS。而缺血再灌注、免疫反应、肾毒性物质正是通过上述机制使肾脏组织内ROS产生过多,超过了抗氧化能力,引起组织损伤,导致急性肾衰、肾小球肾炎和肾病综合征。给予清除ROS的酶类及一些抗氧化物质能够不同程度地减轻肾脏损伤。
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) refers to a series of incompletely reduced oxygen products that are relatively active in nature. Neutrophils and macrophages that flow into the kidneys can produce ROS under the stimulation of certain substances; ROS of the kidney itself, mesangial cells, renal tubular epithelial cells and renal vascular endothelial cells under certain conditions; xanthine oxidase decomposition Hypoxanthine, puromycin aminonucleosides and doxorubicin metabolism in the kidneys can also produce ROS. Ischemia-reperfusion, immune response, nephrotoxic substances is through the above mechanism to produce excessive ROS in the kidney tissue, over the antioxidant capacity, causing tissue damage, leading to acute renal failure, glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome. To give ROS-removing enzymes and some antioxidants can reduce kidney damage to varying degrees.