“天井”一词最早见于《孙子·行军篇》[1],本指“四方高,中央下”[2]的军事地形。两汉时期,宫殿或寺院等豪华建筑物内的天花板也被称之为“天井”或“藻井”[3]。唐宋以后,“天井”则多代表横屋与横屋或四周(也有三周者)房屋之间的庭院[4]。田野考古学产生以后,人们又将常见于魏晋南北朝至隋唐时期象征多重院落建筑的斜坡墓道与墓室之间的“竖井墓道”称之为“天井”。这种“天井”通常被看 “Patio ” was first seen in the word “grandson march articles” [1], referring to “the Quartet high, the central under” [2] military terrain. During the Han dynasties, ceilings in luxury buildings such as palaces or monasteries were also called “patio” or “caisson” [3]. After the Tang and Song dynasties, the “courtyard” represents more than the courtyard between the house and the house or around (and for three weeks) houses. After the emergence of field archeology, people again called the “shaft pit” between the ramp grave and the tomb that symbolized the construction of multiple courtyards in the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties, and the Sui and Tang Dynasties as the “patio.” This “patio” is usually seen