激光熔覆Fe-Cr-Mo-Si合金涂层的组织与摩擦磨损性能

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利用3 kW光纤同轴激光熔覆设备将Fe-Cr-Mo-Si合金粉末熔覆到Q235钢表面,制备出了耐磨的铁基合金熔覆层,通过金相显微镜、维氏硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机等设备研究了Fe-Cr-Mo-Si熔覆层的显微组织、硬度及摩擦磨损行为。结果发现:Fe-Cr-Mo-Si熔覆层的显微组织均匀致密,且无气孔、裂纹等缺陷;熔覆层主要由树枝晶组成,熔覆层/Q235钢结合面处形成了细小的平面晶组织,熔覆层与基体实现了良好的冶金结合;熔覆层的平均硬度为642.2 HV,约为基体硬度的4倍;当载荷为50 N时,熔覆层和基体试样的平均摩擦因数分别是0.621和0.512,熔覆层的磨损量仅为基体的14.6%;摩擦因数随载荷的增加而减小,磨损轮廓尺寸随载荷的增加而增大;熔覆层的磨损机制为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损,而基体的磨损机制以黏着磨损和疲劳剥落磨损为主。试验结果表明,在Q235钢表面激光熔覆Fe-Cr-Mo-Si合金粉末能够显著提高材料的耐磨性能。
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