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研究了外源赤霉素处理玉米种子对其光合特性的影响,可为通过外源激素调控玉米生长和种子加工技术开发提供依据。以玉米种子‘郑单958’为材料,设置10、60、120 mg/L 3个质量浓度的GA_(4+7)[m(GA_4):m(GA_7)=40:60]进行浸种后回干的引发处理,以常规不处理的种子为对照,测定了大田试验玉米叶片光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数、叶面积及光合产物积累量及光合色素含量。结果表明:GA_(4+7)种子引发处理可提高玉米叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_2浓度、单株叶面积、干物质积累量以及光合色素含量,同时可降低叶绿素a与叶绿素b比值,有效降低初始荧光(F_0),增大最大荧光(F_m)、PSⅡ的光能转换效率(F_v/F_m)和实际量子效率(F/F_m′),提高百粒重和籽粒产量,其中以60 mg/L的GA_(4+7)处理(G2)效果最明显。在三叶期、七叶期与拔节期,G2处理玉米的净光合速率分别比对照提高74.3%、42.6%和39.6%(差异显著,P<0.05),单株叶面积分别提高30.9%、48.5%和24.1%(差异显著,P<0.05),干物质积累量分别增加19.6%、46.9%和52.9%(差异显著,P<0.05),总叶绿素含量分别提高21.5%、12.1%和11.1%(差异显著,P<0.05),百粒重和籽粒产量显著高于对照,分别提高6.0%和9.7%(P<0.05)。
The effects of exogenous GA3 on the photosynthetic characteristics of maize seeds were studied to provide basis for the regulation of maize growth by exogenous hormones and the development of seed processing technology. The seeds of Zhengdan 958 with maize seeds were treated with 10, 60 and 120 mg / L GA 4 (4 + 7) [m (GA 4): m (GA 7) = 40:60] The results showed that the photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, leaf area, photosynthetic product accumulation and photosynthetic pigment content of maize leaves were measured in field experiments. The results showed that GA 4 (4 + 7) seed treatment could increase net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO 2 concentration, leaf area per plant, dry matter accumulation and photosynthetic pigment content of maize leaves, Chlorophyll b ratio decreased the initial fluorescence (F_0), increased the maximum fluorescence (F_m), the PSⅡ energy conversion efficiency (F_v / F_m) and the actual quantum efficiency (F / F_m ’ The treatment with GA 4 (4 + 7) at 60 mg / L (G2) was the most effective. Compared with the control, the net photosynthetic rate of G2 treatment increased by 74.3%, 42.6% and 39.6% at the three-leaf stage, the seven-leaf stage and the jointing stage respectively (the difference was significant, P < % And 24.1% respectively (P <0.05). The dry matter accumulation increased by 19.6%, 46.9% and 52.9%, respectively (P <0.05) and the total chlorophyll content increased by 21.5%, 12.1% and 11.1% (P <0.05). The grain weight and grain yield were significantly higher than those of the control (6.0% and 9.7% respectively) (P <0.05).