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19世纪20年代以前，澳大利亚作为英国流放罪犯的殖民地，社会经济以农业为主，满足本地需要，无力在国际市场上与别国竞争。之后，牧羊业兴起并迅速发展．成为主要经济部门．走向以英国为主的海外市场。伴随着牧羊业的发展，澳大利亚的资本主义经济走向昌盛．民族经济形成。为适应社会经济结构发展变化的需要．争取自由和平等的社会改革运动随之展开．澳大利亚的社会性质从流犯殖民地过渡到公民殖民地．最终成为一个自由的国家。牧羊业在这个过程中起到了积极的主导作用。
Before the 1920s, as the colony of Britain’s exiled criminals, the social economy dominated by agriculture, meeting local needs and unable to compete with other countries in the international market. After that, the shepherd’s rise and rapid development. Become a major economic sector. To the British-based overseas markets. With the development of the sheep industry, Australia’s capitalist economy has prospered. The formation of national economy. In order to meet the needs of the development and changes in the social and economic structure. The social reform movement for freedom and equality started. The social nature of Australia transited from a colony of criminals to a colony of citizens. Eventually become a free country. Sheep industry has played a positive and leading role in this process.