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选用我国的３８个冬小麦品种（系）和２个加拿大春小麦品种（系），利用ＲＡＰＤ标记进行小麦基因型之间分子标记遗传差异研究，探讨分子标记在建立小麦杂种优势群中的应用。利用５９个随机引物对４０个小麦基因型ＰＣＲ扩增结果表明，其中２９个引物（占４９％）扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离表现多态性，这２９个引物共扩增出１６８条带，其中７８条带（占４６．６％）具有多态性，每个引物可扩增１～６条多态性带，平均２．７条带。利用７８条多态性带计算Ｎｅｉ相似指数（ＧＳ），并利用遗传距离（ＧＤ）矩阵按ＵＰＧＭＡ进行聚类。发现４０个小麦基因型之间ＧＤ值在０．１０３～０．５１９之间，平均为０．２５６，冬小麦与春小麦之间遗传距离（０．３７２）大于冬小麦品种间遗传距离（０．２４４）。聚类结果表明，来自中国的３８个冬小麦和来自加拿大的２个春小麦明显分为两个类群，３８个冬小麦分为两个亚群，第一亚群又可分为４组，第二亚群可分为２组，来自同一育种单位的品种（系）绝大多数在同一组，杂种优势比较明显的三个杂交组合，其双亲均属于不同组。研究表明，利用ＲＡＰＤ标记可以进行小麦品种指纹分析，确定基因型之间遗传差异，帮助划分小麦杂种优势群。
38 Chinese winter wheat cultivars (lines) and 2 Canadian spring wheat cultivars (lines) were selected to study the genetic differences among wheat genotypes using RAPD markers and to explore the application of molecular markers in establishing wheat heterosis groups. The results of PCR amplification of 40 wheat genotypes using 59 random primers showed that the amplified products of 29 primers (49%) showed polymorphism by agarose gel electrophoresis. The 29 primers amplified 168 Among them, 78 bands (46.6%) were polymorphic. Each primer amplified 1 to 6 polymorphic bands with an average of 2.7 bands. Nei similarity index (GS) was calculated using 78 polymorphic bands and clustered by UPGMA using a genetic distance (GD) matrix. The results showed that the GD value of 40 wheat genotypes ranged from 0.103 to 0.519 with an average of 0.256. The genetic distance (0.372) between winter wheat and spring wheat was greater than that between winter wheat cultivars (0.244) . The clustering results showed that 38 winter wheat from China and 2 spring wheat from Canada were obviously divided into two groups, 38 winter wheat were divided into two subgroups, the first subgroup can be divided into four groups, the second subgroup Can be divided into two groups, from the same breeding units varieties (lines) most of the same group, heterosis is more obvious three hybrid combinations, their parents belong to different groups. Studies have shown that the use of RAPD markers can be fingerprint analysis of wheat varieties to determine the genetic differences between the genotypes to help the classification of wheat heterotic groups.