目的探讨长沙市首起人感染高致病性禽流感(H5N1)疫情的感染来源。分析、总结疫情发现与报告、标本采集等方面的经验与不足,为人感染高致病性禽流感防治提供科学依据。方法运用现场流行病学调查和实验室检测相结合的方法对疫情进行诊断和分析。结果患者是由于暴露于被禽流感病毒所污染的环境而感染;临床医护人员对人禽流感的敏感性差,标本采集意识较低。结论本起人感染高致病性禽流感疫情为“禽一人”传播,尚无足够的证据证明存在“人传人”现象;建议加大对临床医护人员人禽流感相关知识的培训,增强临床医护人员对人禽流感的敏感性和标本采集意识,提高普通群众参与禽流感防治的主动性和积极性。 Objective To investigate the source of infection in the first human case of human pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) in Changsha City. Analyze and summarize the experience and deficiencies in the detection and reporting of epidemic situation and specimen collection, and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of human highly pathogenic avian influenza. Methods The method of field epidemiological investigation and laboratory testing were used to diagnose and analyze the epidemic situation. Results The patients were infected due to exposure to the virus contaminated by avian influenza virus. Clinical staff were less sensitive to human bird flu and had lower awareness of specimen collection. Conclusion There is not enough evidence to prove the existence of “human transmission ” in the epidemic situation of HPAI caused by this person. It is suggested that more training should be given to knowledge about human bird flu in clinical staff , Enhance the sensitivity of clinical staff to bird flu and the awareness of specimen collection, and enhance the initiative and enthusiasm of the general public in bird flu prevention and control.