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用水结构研究对于实现区域水资源的合理配置,乃至社会经济的协调发展均具有重要意义。在探讨水资源利用生态位内涵基础上,构建了水资源利用生态位及其熵值模型,分析了水资源利用生态位与生态环境关系,并以河南省安阳市为例进行了研究。结果表明:安阳市农业用水生态位较大但有减小趋势,生活用水生态位较小但稳中有升,而居于中间的工业用水生态位除市区外均有所增加;区域生态位熵值存在明显差异,汤阴县、滑县和内黄县农业用水占有率高于全市,而市区、林州市生活用水占有率、工业用水占有率高于全市,其他区域基本呈相反趋势;滑县等区域农业用水生态位对生态环境造成经济损失的影响比较敏感,而安阳县则为工业用水生态位;安阳市用水结构明显不协调,调整关键是压缩农业用水量。
Research on water structure is of great significance to realize the rational allocation of regional water resources and even the coordinated development of society and economy. Based on the connotation of ecological niche of water resources utilization, a model of ecological niche and its entropy of water resources utilization was constructed, and the relationship between ecological niche of water resources utilization and ecological environment was analyzed. A case study was carried out in Anyang City, Henan Province. The results showed that the ecological niche of agricultural water in Anyang City was larger but tended to decrease, the ecological niche of domestic water was smaller but steadily increased, while the ecological niche of industrial water in the middle had an increase except for urban areas. The niche entropy The occupancy rate of agricultural water in Tangyin County, Huaxian County and Neihuang County is higher than that in the whole city, while that of urban areas and Linzhou City is higher than that of the whole city while that of other areas is basically the opposite trend. The ecological niche in Huaxian County and other regions is more sensitive to the economic loss caused by the ecological environment, while Anyang County is the ecological niche of industrial water. The water structure of Anyang City is obviously uncoordinated, and the key to adjustment is to reduce the agricultural water consumption.