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采用田间试验、植株生理生化分析和电镜观察等方法,研究了不同氮肥用量对高淀粉玉米吉单535和普通玉米军单8号子粒糖分与淀粉形成的影响。结果表明,在施氮量N 0～200 kg/hm~2之间,两品种玉米子粒淀粉含量随着施氮量的增加而增加,过量施氮则淀粉含量降低。灌浆期吉单535子粒蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖含量均高于军单8号,适量施氮使子粒灌浆期保持较高的蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量,有利于淀粉合成。高淀粉玉米在成熟期淀粉粒充满了细胞,大小均匀,排列有序;普通玉米的淀粉粒则没有充满细胞,大小不一,排列混乱。适宜施氮下淀粉粒大小较为均匀,淀粉粒之间挤压轻微,而过量施氮下淀粉粒相互挤压成多面体状。
The effects of different nitrogen rates on sugar content and starch formation in grain of high-yielding corn Yidan 535 and ordinary corn-Jun-8 were studied by field experiments, physiological and biochemical analysis and electron microscope observation. The results showed that the starch content of maize kernel increased with the increase of N application rate when the nitrogen application rate was N 0 ~ 200 kg / hm ~ 2, while the starch content decreased with excessive application of nitrogen. During the filling stage, the sucrose, fructose and glucose contents of grains in Jidan 535 were higher than those in the No. 8 Gundan 8, and the appropriate amount of nitrogen could maintain high contents of sucrose, fructose and glucose during grain filling, which was in favor of starch synthesis. Starch grains in high starch maize are full of cells in the mature stage, which are uniform in size and orderly arrangement. Starch grains of common maize are not filled with cells, and are of different sizes and arranged in disorder. Appropriate nitrogen fertilizer starch particle size is more uniform, slightly compressed between the starch grains, and excessive nitrogen fertilizer under the mutual extrusion of starch grains into polyhedral shape.