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苏联剧变20年以来,学术界一直在挖掘其剧变的原因,其中一个原因就是苏联软实力的严重衰落。软实力是苏联兴起的最直接原因。十月革命前,俄国是一个落后的农业国,几乎没有什么物质力量为社会主义苏联提供硬实力,但社会主义意识形态、苏维埃体制和最初的和平外交等,使苏联获得了强大的软实力,并且在此基础上造就了苏联的硬实力大国地位。但是,苏联在硬实力崛起的过程中,却抛弃了自己的软实力优势,特别是个人崇拜、丧失凝聚力的意识形态、错误的对内对外政策和僵化的国家体制等,不仅导致苏联软实力的衰落,也进而导致苏联硬实力的衰落,最终导致国家瓦解。
For twenty years since the Soviet Union’s drastic changes, academics have been digging the reasons for its drastic changes. One of the reasons for this is the serious decline of the Soviet soft power. Soft power is the most direct reason for the rise of the Soviet Union. Before the October Revolution, Russia was a backward agricultural country with hardly any material force that provided hard power to the socialist Soviet Union. However, the socialist ideology, the Soviet system and the initial peace diplomacy made the Soviet Union obtain powerful soft power, And on this basis, it has created the position of the hard power of the Soviet Union. However, in the process of the rise of hard power, the Soviet Union abandoned its superiority in soft power. In particular, the ideology of individual worship and loss of cohesion, the wrong internal and external policies and the rigid state system have not only led to the Soviet Union’s soft power Decline, which in turn led to the decline of the Soviet Union’s hard power, eventually leading to the collapse of the country.