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大量研究表明,国际贸易和国际R&D溢出对发展中国家的国内生产率提升有着重要作用。基于随机前沿生产函数,测算中国13个工业行业在由国际上技术领先国家的R&D资本决定的前沿生产边界下的技术效率水平(实际生产与生产边界的距离)后发现,通过国际贸易这一渠道,技术领先国家的R&D资本对中国确实产生了技术溢出;相对于高技术行业,中国传统制造业反而越接近前沿技术边界;人力资本、国内R&D投入、FDI对吸收国际R&D溢出和先进技术转移都有着显著的促进作用,从而验证了人力资本和国内R&D投入在经济增长中的两面性。由此可得到如下启示,一是要提高R&D资本和人力资本的回报率以鼓励企业进行研发和社会对教育的投入;二是在技术赶超的路途上,应该循序渐进以引进和利用符合目前中国技术现状的适宜技术为主。
Numerous studies show that international trade and international R & D spillovers play an important role in boosting the domestic productivity of developing countries. Based on the stochastic frontier production function, we measured the technical efficiency level (the distance between the actual production and the production boundary) of the 13 industrial sectors in China under the frontier production boundary determined by the R & D capital of internationally technologically advanced countries and found that through the channel of international trade , The R & D capital of leading countries in technology does have a technological spillover into China; compared with the high-tech industries, China’s traditional manufacturing industry nevertheless moves closer to the frontier technological boundaries; and human capital, domestic R & D investment and FDI both absorb both international R & D spillovers and advanced technology transfer Has a significant role in promoting, thus verifying the two sides of human capital and domestic R & D investment in economic growth. This can be enlightened as follows: First, we must improve the R & D capital and human capital rate of return to encourage enterprises to carry out R & D and social investment in education; Second, in the technology catch-up on the way, should be gradual to introduce and use in line with the current China Appropriate technology based on the status of technology.