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目的对早产儿0~6岁间生长发育状况进行调查,分析其变化规律,为评价这一阶段儿童生长发育、采取相应的干预措施提供依据。方法选择2008年1月-2014年12月在西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院以及宝鸡市妇幼保健院新生儿科曾住院的早产儿,同时选择年龄、性别相匹配的足月儿进行1∶1病例对照研究。记录其出生时情况,测量儿童的身高、体重、头围等指标评价其生长发育状况。结果早产儿组男、女童在0月龄~、3月龄~组,男童在2岁~组,女童在1岁~组身长低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。早产儿组男、女童在0月龄~、3月龄~组体重低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。早产儿组男、女童在0月龄~、3月龄~、1岁~组头围小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论早产儿的体格发育呈追赶现象或生长。早产儿的追赶现象或生长随着年龄的增长呈递减型,男童慢于女童。研究所得0~6岁早产儿体格发育特点及追赶现象或生长规律可为今后该地区早产儿生长发育研究和评定提供参考依据。
Objective To investigate the growth and development status of premature children aged 0 ~ 6 years and analyze the changing rules. To provide evidence for evaluating the growth and development of children during this period and taking corresponding intervention measures. Methods January 2008 - December 2014 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine and Baoji Maternal and Child Health Hospital neonates had hospitalized premature children, while age and sex selection of full-term children for 1: 1 Case-control study. Record the situation at birth, measure the height, weight and head circumference of children to evaluate their growth and development status. Results The male and female children in preterm group were lower in age from 0 months to 3 months than in control group, boys were in 2 years old group and girls in 1 year old group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The body weight of males and females in preterm infants was significantly lower than that in controls at 0 months ~ 3 months of age, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Male and female preterm children in 0 months ~, 3 months ~, 1 year ~ group head circumference less than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The physical development of premature infants is catching up or growing. Catching-up or growth in premature infants is decreasing with age, while boys are slower than girls. The characteristics of physical development and the catch-up phenomenon or growth pattern of premature infants aged 0-6 years obtained from the study may provide reference for the research and assessment of the growth and development of premature infants in this area in the future.