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岩溶地区含水介质结构的多重性和岩溶地貌形态的高度复杂性,使岩溶系统的水文效应和水资源的评价与预测一直都成为水文研究的重点和难点。在岩溶含水介质特点和岩溶水文形成过程的基础上,本文着重评述了黑箱模型、概念性模型、物理性模型和分布式水文模型在岩溶水文模拟中的应用。其中黑箱模型包括基于核函数的算法、回归模型、人工神经网络和小波分析;概念性模型包括蓄泄模型和流量过程线衰减函数;物理性模型主要包括达西定律、Darcy-Weisbach方程、有限元法和等效连续多孔介质;分布式水文模型主要是SWMM模型,并分别对各类模型的概念、方法、应用效果以及存在的优缺点等进行了分析。最后指出了研究中存在的一些不足,并就岩溶流域水文模拟的进一步研究提出了相应的建议,这对于解决岩溶区的水资源可持续利用问题有重要意义。
The multiplicity of aqueous media structures in karst regions and the high complexity of the karst topography have made hydrological effects and evaluation and prediction of water resources a key and difficult point in hydrological research. Based on the characteristics of karst aquifer medium and the formation process of karst hydrology, this paper reviews the application of black box model, conceptual model, physical model and distributed hydrological model in karst hydrological simulation. Among them, the black box model includes kernel-based algorithm, regression model, artificial neural network and wavelet analysis. Conceptual models include impoundment model and flow process line attenuation function. Physical models include Darcy’s law, Darcy-Weisbach equation, finite element Method and equivalent continuous porous medium. The distributed hydrological model is mainly the SWMM model, and the concepts, methods, application effects and the advantages and disadvantages of various models are analyzed respectively. At last, some shortcomings in the research are pointed out, and some suggestions are put forward for further research on hydrological simulation in karst basin, which is of great significance to solve the problem of sustainable utilization of water resources in karst area.