在哲学史上,休谟的形象主要表现为两个,即作为怀疑主义者的休谟和作为自然主义者的休谟。一般认为,前者把经验主义哲学发展到其逻辑结局,即怀疑主义。后者则坚持怀疑主义不可能通过论证得到辩护,而只能被视为我们的自然倾向。其实,休谟既不是完全的怀疑主义者,也不是最终的自然主义者,而是一个二元论者,即认为我们可以同时坚持怀疑主义和自然主义。 In the history of philosophy, Hume’s image is mainly manifested in two: Hume as a skeptic and Hume as a naturalist. It is generally accepted that the former develops empiricist philosophy to its logical end, skepticism. The latter insists that skepticism can not be defended through argument, but can only be regarded as our natural tendency. In fact, Hume is neither a complete skeptic nor an ultimate naturalist, but a dualist who believes that we can both insist on skepticism and naturalism.