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目的了解长沙地区农村留守儿童的行为与情绪问题特征。方法对长沙农村地区中小学生按分层随机方法抽取6～16岁儿童1480例,对符合留守儿童标准的607例儿童分为3组:父亲外出打工组、母亲外出打工组和父母亲均外出打工组,并与873例非留守儿童进行对照研究。采用Achenbach儿童行为评定量表、儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表进行评定,将4组儿童的各行为、焦虑和抑郁因子进行比较。4组儿童年龄和性别比较无显著性差异。结果父母均外出打工组留守儿童的退缩评分[(2.80±2.69)分]、焦虑/抑郁[(3.07±3.51)分]、思维问题[(0.96±1.52)分]、内向性行为[(7.65±7.17)分]等因子得分高于对照组[(2.17±2.41)分、(2.37±2.97)分、(0.56±1.20)分、(5.93±6.24)分Pa<0.05]和父亲外出打工组的留守儿童[(2.28±2.78)分、(2.44±3.44)分、(0.63±1.57)分、(6.25±7.42)分Pa<0.05];父母亲均外出打工组留守儿童的广泛性焦虑因子[(4.50±3.11)分]、学校恐怖因子[(1.39±1.35)分]、焦虑总分[(20.99±11.24)分]、抑郁总分[(11.36±4.47)分]明显高于对照组儿童[(3.81±3.05)分、(1.12±1.28)分、(18.42±10.91)分、(10.56±4.39)分Pa<0.05],母亲外出打工组留守儿童的广泛性焦虑因子[(4.78±3.37)分]和抑郁总分[(12.07±4.74)分]高于对照组[(3.81±3.05)分、(10.56±4.39)分Pa<0.05]。结论父母亲均外出打工组有较多的儿童内向性行为问题和焦虑抑郁情绪,母亲外出打工组留守儿童存在较多的焦虑和抑郁问题。
Objective To understand the behavioral and emotional problems of left-behind children in rural areas of Changsha. Methods A total of 1480 children aged 6-16 years were enrolled in primary and high school students in rural areas of Changsha according to a stratified randomized method. There were 3 groups of 607 children who met the criteria for left-behind children: their father’s migrant workers group, their mothers’ migrant workers group and their parents both went out to work Group and compared with 873 non-left-behind children. Achenbach’s Child Behavior Assessment Scale, Children’s Anxiety Emotion Disorder Scale and Children’s Depression Disability Self-Rating Scale were used to evaluate the behavior, anxiety and depression of 4 groups of children. There was no significant difference in age and sex between the 4 groups. Results The scores of withdrawal scores of left behind children who were away from work group were (2.80 ± 2.69), anxiety / depression (3.07 ± 3.51), thinking problems (0.96 ± 1.52), introverted behavior (7.65 ± 7.17) and other factors were significantly higher than those in the control group (2.17 ± 2.41, 2.37 ± 2.97, 0.56 ± 1.20, 5.93 ± 6.24, Pa <0.05) (2.28 ± 2.78), (2.44 ± 3.44), (0.63 ± 1.57), (6.25 ± 7.42) Pa <0.05]. The prevalence of generalized anxiety in children left behind by working groups both parents [(4.50 ± 3.11) points, the school terrorist factor (1.39 ± 1.35), the total anxiety score (20.99 ± 11.24) and the total depression score (11.36 ± 4.47) were significantly higher than those in the control group [(3.81 (1.12 ± 1.28), (18.42 ± 10.91) points, (10.56 ± 4.39) pointsPa <0.05). The prevalence of anxiety in children left behind by working mothers (4.78 ± 3.37) and The total score of depression (12.07 ± 4.74) was higher than that of the control group (3.81 ± 3.05), (10.56 ± 4.39) Pa <0.05. Conclusion Both parents and migrant workers have more children’s introverted behavior problems and anxiety and depression. There are more anxiety and depression problems among mothers left-behind children working in migrant workers.