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依托服务贸易助推我国外贸发展方式转变的要义,不仅在于实现出口规模的扩张,更应注重出口技术复杂度的提升。考虑到服务业“全球化”和“碎片化”的特征,为了克服基于传统总值核算法所面临的固有缺陷,本文基于增加值视角利用WIOD数据库测算了2000—2014年我国服务出口技术复杂度,结果显示,从绝对角度看虽有不断提升之势,但从相对角度看却呈下降趋势。进一步的计量检验结果表明,融入全球服务业价值链对服务出口技术复杂度的绝对提升具有显著的正向作用,但对服务出口技术复杂度的相对提升在发达国家呈显著的正向作用,在发展中国家则呈显著的负向作用。此外,对诸如人力资本等具有显著的正向作用,而对诸如服务业发展规模等作用则在发达国家和发展中国家呈现显著的差异性。上述发现不仅有助于从“质”的层面客观认识我国服务出口,而且对于大力实施服务贸易发展战略也具有重要的政策意义。
The essence of relying on service trade to boost the transformation of China’s foreign trade development mode lies not only in achieving the expansion of export scale but also in increasing the technical complexity of exports. Taking into account the characteristics of service industry globalization and fragmentation, in order to overcome the inherent shortcomings based on the traditional gross value accounting method, this paper uses the WIOD database to estimate the service of our country from 2000 to 2014 based on the value added perspective. Export technical complexity, the results show that, from an absolute point of view, although the continuous improvement of the trend, but from a relative perspective, it showed a downward trend. Further measurement test results show that the integration into the global service industry value chain has a significant positive effect on the absolute increase of the technical complexity of service exports. However, the relative increase in the technical complexity of service exports shows a significant positive effect in developed countries. Developing countries showed a significant negative effect. In addition, it has a significant positive effect on human resources, for example, while the role of services such as the scale of service development shows significant differences between developed and developing countries. The above findings not only help to objectively recognize China’s service exports from the “qualitative” level, but also have important policy implications for vigorously implementing the service trade development strategy.