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[目的]培育高产、高糖、抗倒伏、适合机械化生产的甘蔗新品种,为广西和中国甘蔗糖业的可持续发展提供良种和技术支持。[方法]以ROC22为母本、桂糖92-66为父本进行甘蔗有性杂交育种,采用“五圃制”选育程序,经过区域试验和生产试验综合考察甘蔗新品种桂糖04-1001(桂糖42号)的形态特征和生产特性。[结果]桂糖42号植株高大,中大茎,易脱叶;出苗较好,分蘖力中等,成茎率高;中抗黑穗病,高抗花叶病和梢腐病,抗旱性强,宿根性好。“五圃制”历年选育平均蔗茎产量为95.06～108.87 t/hm~2,比对照增产11.3%～14.1%;平均糖产量为15.11～16.85 t/hm~2,比对照增产16.0%~18.9%。2011～2012年区域试验平均蔗茎产量101.7 t/hm~2、产糖量15.03 t/hm~2、蔗糖分14.46%,分别比对照增加9.26%、14.45%和0.66个百分点。2012年生产试验中,平均蔗茎产量为88.62 t/hm~2,比ROC22增产7.9%。2013年通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定,并于2014年入选广西甘蔗良种繁育体系十大主推品种目录。[结论]桂糖42号为早熟、高产、高糖、宿根好、抗倒能力强,综合性状优良的甘蔗新品种,适合在中国南方蔗区推广应用。
[Objective] The research aimed to breed new varieties of sugarcane with high yield, high sugar content, lodging resistance and mechanized production, and provide seed and technical support for the sustainable development of sugar cane industry in Guangxi and China. [Method] Sexual crossbreeding of sugarcane was conducted using ROC22 as female parent and Guitang 92-66 as male parent, and the breeding program “Wupu System” was adopted. Through the regional experiment and production experiment, -1001 (Guitang 42) morphological characteristics and production characteristics. [Result] Guitang 42 was tall, big stem and easy to defoliate; it had good emergence, moderate tillering ability and high stem yield; middle resistant smut, high resistance to mosaic disease and shoot rot, strong drought resistance , Good perennial. The average yield of sugarcane stems was 95.06 ~ 108.87 t / hm ~ 2, which was 11.3% ~ 14.1% higher than that of the control. The average sugar yield was 15.11 ~ 16.85 t / hm ~ 2, % ~ 18.9%. From 2011 to 2012, the average yield of cane in the regional experiment was 101.7 t / hm ~ 2, the yield of sugar was 15.03 t / hm ~ 2 and the content of sucrose was 14.46%, which increased by 9.26%, 14.45% and 0.66% respectively. In the production test in 2012, the average cane yield was 88.62 t / hm ~ 2, which was 7.9% more than that of ROC22. In 2013, it was examined and approved by Guangxi Crop Variety Approval Committee and was selected as the top ten varieties of sugarcane breeding system in Guangxi in 2014. [Conclusion] Guixi 42 was a new sugarcane variety with early maturity, high yield, high sugar content, good rooting ability, strong lodging resistance and good comprehensive characters and was suitable for popularization and application in sugarcane planting areas in southern China.