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微RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是一类约22 nt的非编码小分子RNA,主要在转录后水平负调控基因表达,其在生物发育、疾病、肿瘤中行使着重要调控作用。胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cell,ESC)具有发育的全能性,能分化出成体动物的所有组织和器官。研究和利用ESC是当前生物工程领域的热点之一。近年来,越来越多的研究表明,miRNA在ESC的自我更新、分化、命运决定等方面行使着重要的调控作用。其中,miR-290家簇是在鼠科动物ESC中特异且高表达的miRNA。本文综述了miR-290家簇在ESC中的表达、功能及其分子调控网络方面的研究进展。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNAs of about 22 nt that negatively regulate gene expression mainly at the post-transcriptional level. They play an important regulatory role in biological development, diseases and tumors. Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are pluripotent and can differentiate into all tissues and organs of adult animals. Research and utilization of ESC is one of the hot topics in the field of bioengineering. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that miRNA plays an important regulatory role in the self-renewal, differentiation and destiny decision of ESC. Among them, miR-290 cluster is a miRNA that is specific and highly expressed in murine ESC. This review summarizes the research progress of the expression, function and molecular regulation network of miR-290 in ESC.