“自助”是国家在其权利遭受侵犯时,为恢复被侵犯的权利而单独采取的措施体系。“制裁”是国际组织在其职权范围内对国际不法行为采取的集体措施。“反措施”是受害国或其他国家为促使违法国履行其国际法律责任而采取的非武力措施。三者的含义既有交叉又有区别,因此,制裁和反措施不能取代自助这一术语。 “Self-help ” is a system of measures taken by the state for the restoration of the right infringed upon the violation of its rights. “Sanctions ” is a collective measure taken by an international organization for an internationally wrongful act within its sphere of competence. “Counter-measures ” are non-force measures taken by the injured State or other States in order to bring the wrongdoing State to fulfill its international legal responsibilities. The three meanings are both cross-cutting and differentiated, so sanctions and counter-measures can not replace the term self-help.