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大型筒形件锻造过程中,利用空心钢锭进行生产相比于传统工艺具有偏析少、材料利用率高、短流程、能耗低等优点。由于空心钢锭铸造时内外同时进行冷却,其最终凝固位置大约在壁厚的1/2处,此处存在的主要缺陷之一为空洞型缺陷。通过Deform-3D数值模拟软件,分析了镦粗、芯轴拔长、马杠扩孔对空心钢锭球形及径向、轴向、切向空洞型缺陷闭合的作用效果和影响规律,镦粗压下量为40%时可以锻合径向空洞缺陷但不能锻合轴向空洞缺陷,并对径向和轴向空洞缺陷闭合进行了实验验证。研究表明,空心钢锭制坯工艺可不选用镦粗,直接进行拔长或扩孔即可避免空洞缺陷的产生。
Forging process of large cylindrical parts, the use of hollow ingot production compared to the traditional process has less segregation, high material utilization, short process, low energy consumption. Since the hollow ingot is cooled at the same time both inside and outside the casting, its final solidification position is about 1/2 of the wall thickness. One of the main defects here is the cavity defect. Through Deform-3D numerical simulation software, the effect and influence rule of upsetting, mandrel pull-out and mandibular reaming on hollow spherical spindles and radial, axial and tangential hollow defects closure were analyzed. The amount of 40% can forge radial defects but can not forge axial hollow defects, and the radial and axial hole defects closed experimentally verified. Research shows that hollow ingot billet process can not choose upsetting, direct drawing or reaming can avoid the occurrence of hollow defects.