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贸易开放对收入分配的影响通过产业转移效应和S-S效应两种机制发挥作用。采用分时期和分地区的面板模型研究表明,产业转移效应是导致贸易开放扩大城乡劳动收入差距的主要原因;S-S效应虽然具有一定的抵消作用,但需要满足较为苛刻的前提条件,随着近年来农村剩余劳动力的减少,在劳动力市场相对完善的时期和地区能够发挥这一机制。因此,完善劳动力市场并提升农村劳动力人力资本,充分发挥S-S效应以抵消产业转移对收入分配的负面影响是现阶段重要的政策选择。
The impact of trade liberalization on income distribution plays a role through two mechanisms: industrial transfer effects and S-S effects. The panel model studies by period and by region show that the industrial transfer effect is the main reason leading to the opening of trade to expand the urban-rural labor income gap; although the SS effect has a certain offsetting effect, it needs to meet more stringent preconditions, with the recent years The reduction of rural surplus labor force can play this mechanism in the relatively perfect period and regions of the labor market. Therefore, it is an important policy choice at this stage to improve the labor market and increase the human capital of the rural labor force, and to make full use of the S-S effect to offset the negative impact of industrial transfer on income distribution.