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有三型细胞嵌合体己用于哺乳类的研究,即造血嵌合体、植入前胚胎聚合形成的嵌合体以及X-染色体失活(X-Chromosome inactivation)所致的嵌合体。利用这些嵌合体可进行肿瘤细胞动力学研究。本文着重于用X-染色体失活的嵌合体分析瘤细胞的增殖。这种镶嵌性首先用于研究肿瘤的发生(包括平滑肌瘤)以及证明肿瘤单个细胞起源。本文也复习了其它多细胞起源的肿瘤,尤其是遗传性肿瘤与病毒源性肿瘤,提出了靶大小的概念,并用以解析多细胞来源的肿瘤。
There are three types of cell chimeras that have been used for mammalian studies, namely, hematopoietic chimerism, chimera formation by preimplantation embryo polymerization, and chimera caused by X-chromosome inactivation. Tumor cell kinetic studies can be performed using these chimeras. This article focuses on the analysis of tumor cell proliferation using X-chromosome-inactive chimeras. This mosaicism was first used to study the occurrence of tumors (including leiomyomas) and to demonstrate the individual cell origin of tumors. This article also reviewed other multi-cell origin tumors, especially hereditary tumors and virus-derived tumors, proposed the concept of target size, and used to analyze multi-cell-derived tumors.