“经济人”的逐利性往往会带来环境污染和生态破坏的外部不经济性,增加社会边际成本,而环境侵权责任的目的就是通过这种严格的责任将外部伤害转化为生产成本,使得外部性问题内部化。庇古税、产权明确、无过错责任、惩罚性赔偿都是对这一实质原理的有效实现。 The profit-seeking nature of “economic man” tends to bring about the external diseconomies of environmental pollution and ecological damage and increase the social marginal cost. The purpose of environmental tort liability is to transform external injury into production cost through such strict liability , Internalize the issue of externalities. Pigouvian tax, property rights clear, no fault liability, punitive damages are the effective realization of this essential principle.