马克思对资本主义社会进行的深刻批判是马克思之所以成为马克思的关键所在。西方马克思主义学者继承和发展了马克思对于资本社会的批判维度,但是与马克思将批判最终落到无产阶级运动不同,西方马克思主义的资本批判理论更多地发展为无法把握的宏观现实,寄希望于意识、文化、艺术等层面上的解放,而社会实践领域则相对沉寂。在当代,资本批判理论出现了新的发展,但是这种转机是否真正继承了马克思的精神是值得考究的。在为资本逻辑所统治的当代社会中,要充分理解当代社会并寻求人类社会的解放,我们需要重新回到马克思,重新构建资本批判理论。 Marx’s profound critique of capitalist society is the key to Marx’s becoming Marx. Western Marxist scholars inherit and develop Marx’s critique of the capitalist society. However, contrary to Marx’s criticism eventually falling into the proletarian movement, the Western Marxist theory of capital critique has been more developed into a macroscopic reality that can not be grasped, Consciousness, culture, art and other aspects of emancipation, while the field of social practice is relatively quiet. In the contemporary era, there has been a new development of the theory of capital criticism, but it is worth considering whether such a turning point truly inherited Marx’s spirit. In the contemporary society governed by the logic of capital, to understand contemporary society fully and to seek for the liberation of human society, we need to return to Marx and reconstruct the critical theory of capital.