鸦片战争前中国现代化的三次延误周积明从１５世纪到１９世纪中叶，历史至少给中国提供了三次走向世界、走向变革的机会；然而。这三次机会无一成为中国社会改造自我的动力。一最初的机会出现于１５世纪初年；其契机是堪称航海壮举的郑和下西洋。明永乐三年（１４０５）；... Three Delayed Chinese Modernizations Before the Opium War Zhou Zuiming From the 15th century to the mid-19th century, history provided at least three opportunities for China to go global and to change. None of these three opportunities has become the driving force behind the self-transformation of Chinese society. One of the first opportunities appeared in the early 15th century; the turning point was Zheng He’s voyage, a feat of voyage. Ming Yongle three years (1405); ...