本文通过田野资料反映了一个土家族乡乡小与村小在教育资源、社会关注度、民族文化教育等方面存在的差异。这种差异与现存的社会结构和相关体制相关联,尤其是地方政府基于自身的自利性目的,未能充分重视并解决教育资源的均衡问题,因而这种差异是一种结构性的分化,需要从社会制度的层面加以认识并寻求解决途径。 Through the field data, this paper reflects the differences in the educational resources, social attention and ethnic culture education of a small and a small village in Tujia. This difference is related to the existing social structure and related institutions. In particular, local governments, due to their own self-interest, fail to pay adequate attention to and solve the balance of educational resources. Therefore, this difference is a structural differentiation. Need to be recognized from the social system level and seek ways to solve.