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目的了解天津市中学生自杀相关行为,为采取相应干预措施提供依据。方法采取分层整群抽样方法,对天津市河北区14所学校3 054名中学生进行匿名问卷调查。结果在过去的12个月中,学生产生过自杀意念、自杀计划、自杀行动检出率分别为11.79%,7.3%,2.78%。女生、重组家庭、学习成绩差自杀意念高于其他同学。各种心理行为问题在有无自杀倾向的学生中检出率分别为感到安全没有保障为27.90%,15.27%;感到孤独为74.11%,41.90%;心情不愉快为71.88%,53.26%;失眠为54.46%,28.36%,差别均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。各种不良外界环境在有无自杀倾向的学生中检出率分别为经常被索要财物为3.57%,0.88%;经常被排斥为6.92%,1.50%;经常被恐吓为3.13%,0.96%;经常被打踢为3.57%,0.84%;经常被开色情玩笑为8.04%,4.83%,差别均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论被调查的中学生中存在自杀相关行为,需建立一个学生、学校、家庭、社会四位一体的体系。
Objective To understand the suicide-related behaviors of secondary school students in Tianjin and provide the basis for the corresponding interventions. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to conduct anonymous questionnaire survey among 3 054 middle school students from 14 schools in Hebei District of Tianjin. Results In the past 12 months, the rate of students’ suicidal ideation, suicide plan and suicide rate were 11.79%, 7.3% and 2.78% respectively. Girls, reorganized families, poor academic performance suicidal ideation than other students. The detection rate of various psychological behavior problems among students with or without suicide was 27.90% and 15.27%, respectively, feeling safe and secure; 74.11% and 41.90% feeling lonely; 71.88% and 53.26% feeling unhappy; and insomnia was 54.46 %, 28.36%, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). In all kinds of unhealthy external environments, the detection rates of students who are most likely to commit suicide were 3.57% and 0.88%, respectively, of those who were often asked for property; 6.92% and 1.50% were often excluded; 3.13% and 0.96% were often intimidated; Was kicked 3.57%, 0.84%; often joke was 8.04%, 4.83%, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusion There are suicide-related behaviors among the investigated middle school students, and a four-in-one system of students, schools, families and the society should be established.