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对40个我国常用玉米自交系和22个不同类型玉米材料测定的结果表明,玉米基因型间呼吸速率存在显著的差异,可做为基因型分析的重要生理指标。40个自交系呼吸速率平均值为(CO2)6.64mgdm-2h-1,变异系数为22.03%。不同玉米类型间呼吸速率高低依次是普通杂交组合、妹妹系、自交系、糯质玉米和甜质玉米,与类型间光合速率高低的排列是一致的。杂交种呼吸速率呈明显的正优势,超中亲率平均为24.58%,范围为-1.81%~44.11%,并且F1与母本的相关关系比父本更密切。呼吸速率低的基本型一般叶面积更大,植株更繁茂,于物质的积累也较多。不同自交系间呼吸速率与净光合速率间无明显的相关关系(r=8.760E—03),40个自交系可被明显的分成8种类型。呼吸消耗与净同化率的比值平均为15.26%,但不同类型自交系间变幅较大(6.05%~38.23%)。以上均说明选出呼吸速率低而总光合量高的基因型是可能的。
The results of determination of 40 common maize inbred lines and 22 different types of maize in China showed that there was a significant difference in respiration rate among maize genotypes and could be used as an important physiological index for genotype analysis. The average respiratory rate of 40 inbred lines was (CO2) 6.64mgdm-2h-1 with a coefficient of variation of 22.03%. The respiration rates of different types of maize followed the order of common hybrid combinations, sister lines, inbred lines, waxy maize and sweet maize, which were consistent with the types of photosynthetic rate. The respiration rate of hybrids showed a significant positive advantage. The average rate of super-middle-rate of interbreeding was 24.58%, ranging from -1.81% to 44.11%, and the correlation between F1 and female parent was closer than that of male parent. The basic type of low respiratory rate generally larger leaf area, plant more lush, more material accumulation. There was no significant correlation between respiration rate and net photosynthetic rate among different inbred lines (r = 8.760E-03), and 40 inbred lines could be clearly divided into 8 types. The average ratio of respiratory consumption to net assimilation rate was 15.26%, but the variation ranged from 6.05% to 38.23% among different types of inbred lines. All of the above shows that it is possible to select genotypes with low respiratory rate and high total photosynthesis.