本文报告在地方性克汀病流行区对儿童作智力测验、听力测定、脑电图（ＥＥＧ）检查和脑诱发电位检查，来评价食盐加碘对流行区儿童神经系统轻度损害的预防效果。检查结果表明，加碘后出生儿童的平均智商和听力比加碘前出生儿童明显升高；加碘后出生儿童中轻度低智的比例、脑电图和体感诱发电位的异常率都比加碘前出生儿童明显降低。提示食盐加碘对流行区儿童神经系统的轻度损害有明显预防效果。 This article reports on the assessment of children’s mental retardation, audiometry, electroencephalography (EEG) and brain evoked potentials in endemic cretinism to assess the preventive effect of salt iodization on mild neurological impairments in children in endemic areas. The test results showed that the average IQ and hearing of children born after iodine were significantly higher than those of children born before iodine; the proportion of mildly low IQ, the EEG and somatosensory evoked potentials in the children born after iodine were higher than that of Pre-iodine children were significantly reduced. Prompted iodized salt on children in the endemic areas of mild nervous system damage have a significant preventive effect.